Principal stress is the maximum or minimum normal stress which may be developed on a loaded body. It is classified as major principal stress and minor principal stress. On the plane of principal stress shear stress value is termed as zero.
When principal stress gets on the major principal plane, it is called major principal stress and when it is found on the minor principal plane, it is known as minor principal stress. These are denoted as σ1 and σ2, respectively.
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Shear stress is a sloping applied force that causes deformation due to lateral load. In any stress block surface, there is applied shear stress over the plane, but to stabilize the body there, we need to apply complementary shear stress. This is known as complementary shear stress.
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The principle of complementary shear stress is when the same intensity but opposite direction shear stress is applied over the surface of the body, it creates a couple and this couple stabilizes the body. This balancing couple mechanism is known as the principle of complementary shear stress.
Principal stress is calculated on the principal plane as maximum stress is called major principal stress, and minimum stress on the principal plane is called minor principal stress.
Generally, in the case of 2D, we consider major principal stress and minor principal stress. Still, in the case of 3D, we usually consider Major principal stress as the most tensile stress, minor principal stress as the most compressive stress and intermediate principal stress. These stresses are denoted as σ1, σ3 and σ2.
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Principal stress is nothing but a type of stress, and stress is the ratio of force per unit area. Hence we consider the principal stress unit equal to the stress unit as N/mm2 or MPa (Mega Pascal). This is the standard unit in SI unit form.
Mohr circle is the graphical representation of the normal stresses and shear stress. These stresses are related to the axis of the mohr circle as maximum principal stress placed on the X axis and maximum shear stress placed on a Y axis.
When any angular load is applied over the surface of the body, it may develop stress known as shear stress, and this shear stress may destabilize the body. To stabilize this body a couple applied or complementary shear stress is applied with equal intensities and opposite directions, this is called complementary shear stress and the principle of this complementary shear stress is to stop the rotation or make the body stable.
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