How Do Spell Slots Work in 5E?
The basic rules of spell slots and spellcasting are:
- Spells have different levels
- To cast a spell, you use a spell slot of the same level (or higher)
- Some spells have more powerful versions that can be cast at higher levels, and use a higher level spells slot
- You have a set number of spell slots per spell level based on your character’s level
- You recover all spell slots after a long rest (unless otherwise noted)
- Some classes have to “prepare” spells in advance
The Players Handbook has an excellent example of how spell slots are used.
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When a character casts a spell, he or she expends a slot of that spell’s level or higher, effectively “filling” a slot with the spell. You can think of a spell slot as a groove of a certain size – small for a 1st level slot, larger for a spell of higher level. A 1st level spell fits into a slot of any size, but a 9th level spell fits only a 9th level slot.
Page 201, Dungeon & Dragons Players Handbook 5th edition.
One class whose spell slots don’t work this way is the Warlock. We’ll get into the differences for Warlock spells lots in more detail as we go.
How do you prepare spells?
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Clerics, druids, paladins, and wizards need to prepare spells before they can use them.
To prepare spells, during a long rest, select the spells from your spell list that you want to use. Then your character must spend time studying the spells to prepare them. It’s the same amount of time to prepare spells for all prepared caster classes.
…at least one minute per spell level for each spell on your list.
Page 58, 66, 84, 114 Dungeon & Dragons Players Handbook 5th edition.
How many spells can you prepare?
You may know a huge list of spells, but you can only prepare a selection of them to use.
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The number of spells you can prepare = your level + spellcasting ability modifier
The spells you prepare need to be of a level for which you have spell slots. Otherwise, you can’t cast them!
You can keep track of which spells you have prepared by filling in the little ‘Prepared’ dot next to each spell on the spells page of your character sheet.
How do you change your prepared spells?
You can change your list of prepared spells when you finish a long rest.
Spell slots by class
Each caster class has a slightly different relationship with magic, so their numbers of spell slots differ as well. In your class description is a table that tells you how many spell slots of each level you have per character level.
Below we’ll look at each class, if their use of spell slots differs from the norm, and show you their spell slot tables.
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