Physical security measures and methods
There are all kinds of physical security measures, but the main types of physical security fall into four broad categories: Deter, Detect, Delay and Respond.
As the diagram shows, the different physical security methods work together in stages. These levels of physical security begin with Deter at the outermost level, working inwards until finally, if all other levels are breached, a Response is needed.
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Levels of physical security
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Deter – Deterrence physical security measures are focused on keeping intruders out of the secured area. Common methods include tall perimeter fences, barbed wire, clear signs stating that the site has active security, commercial video cameras and access controls. All of these are designed to give a clear message to criminals that trespassing is not only difficult, it is also highly likely that they will be caught.
Detect – Detection works to catch any intruders if they manage to get past the deterrence measures mentioned above. Some criminals might slip in behind an employee — known as tailgating — or they might find a way of scaling barriers. In these cases, a physical security measure that can detect their presence quickly is crucial. These include many types of physical security system that you are probably familiar with. Physical security controls examples include CCTV cameras, motion sensors, intruder alarms and smart alerting technology like AI analytics. If an intruder is spotted quickly, it makes it much easier for security staff to delay them getting any further, and to contact law enforcement if needed.
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Delay – You will notice that several physical security systems have multiple roles: they can deter as well as detect. Many of the physical security measures above also effectively delay intruders. Access control systems require credentials to open a locked door, slowing an intruder down and making it easier to apprehend them.
Respond – Having the technology and processes to respond to intruders and take action is crucial for physical security, yet often overlooked. Response physical security measures include communication systems, security guards, designated first responders and processes for locking down a site and alerting law enforcement.
Physical security controls come in a variety of forms — from perimeter fences, to guards and security camera system recorders. Many physical security components have more than one function, and when several methods are combined, they are very effective at preventing or intercepting intruders and criminal activity.
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