Heat: the Transfer of Thermal Energy
Heat can be given off in three different processes: conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction occurs when thermal energy is transferred through the interaction of solid particles. This process often occurs when cooking: the boiling of water in a metal pan causes the metal pan to warm as well. Convection usually takes place in gases or liquids (whereas conduction most often takes place in solids) in which the transfer of thermal energy is based on differences in heat. Using the example of the boiling pot of of water, convection occurs as the bubbles rise to the surface and, in doing so, transfer heat from the bottom to the top. Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy through space and is responsible for the sunlight that fuels the earth.
Thermal energy is a concept applicable in everyday life. For example, engines, such as those in cars or trains, do work by converting thermal energy into mechanical energy. Also, refrigerators remove thermal energy from a cool region into a warm region.
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On a larger scale, recent scientific research has been aiming to convert solar energy to thermal energy in order to create head and electricity. For example,scientific research centers such as NASA explore the uses and applications of thermal energy in order to provide for more efficient energy production. In 1990, for example, NASA extensively researched and explored the potentials of a hybrid power system which made use of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) devices. This power system would convert solar energy into thermal energy which would then be used to produce electrical power and heat. However, converting solar energy to thermal energy has been found to be much easier and much more feasible when systems are not in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. Rather, scientists have proposed, a moving object or a running fluid can allow the energy to be converted into thermal energy.
Thermal Energy and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics? states that whenever work is performed, the amount of entropy in the atmosphere is increased. Thus the flow of thermal energy is constantly increasing entropy.
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