Steps involved in preparing the panel board schedule
There are different steps involved in the preparation of panel board schedules. These steps are provided below:
- Creation of a list of all loads (expected) within the facility or installation.
- Specifying each of them whether they are process loads or non-process ones.
- Acquiring the electrical properties for all loads including current, power factors, voltage, absorbed ratings, nominal ratings, efficiency and more.
- Categorizing all equipment based on the location of the switchboard, load criticality, and load duty.
- Evaluating the expected consumption for each load.
- Assessing the design, operating and peak loads for all switchboards
- Evaluating the design, operating and peak loads of overall installation.
What process and non-process loads?
These are the electrical loads supplied to the installation using the power system and are influenced by load schedule.
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– Process Loads
These loads are directly related or relevant to the building or facility. Conveyors, heaters, compressors, motors are all process loads. You can find these loads on lists of mechanical equipment or diagrams of process and instrumentation.
– Non-process Loads
These are auxiliary loads required to run the building or facility. HVAC, lighting, control systems, utility systems, and fire safety are all non-process loads.
What are electrical load parameters?
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These parameters are required to design the panel board schedule and are listed below,
– Rated power
It is the maximum power output (continuous of a load. For instance, for motors, the rated power depends on the size of the motor and is expressed in kilowatts such as 37kW or 83kW etc.
– Absorbed power
It is the estimated power that a load will draw. Most of the loads will run at a point lower than their rated capacity. Where there is no information available on absorbed load then the load factor is considered to be ranging from 0.8 to 0.9.
– Power factor
It is necessary to assess the reactive portions of the panel board schedule. Where information on power factor is not available then estimates are used. The estimate for motor loads is 0.85 while that for heaters is 1.0 and 0.8 for other loads.
– Efficiency
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It determines the losses during the conversions of electrical energy into mechanical energy. Where information on efficiency is not available then estimates ranging between 0.8 and 1.0 are taken.
Load classifications
After identification of loads, classification is the next step based on the following factors,
– Voltage
It is critical to identify the voltage level because it will determine that which switchboard will contain its locations. Large loads should be on HV (11kV to 33kV or less than 150kW). Medium loads need to be on MV (3.3kV to 6.6kVor 150kW to 10MW)). Light loads have to be on LV (400V to 690V or more than 10MW).
– Load duty
Our engineers will use load duty to classify as standby, intermittent and continuous loads. The time duration considered for this purpose is 24 hours.
– Load criticality
Loads are classified based on their criticality as either critical, essential and normal based on their relevancy to the main process.
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