Correct Answer – Option 4 : Criterion
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Test reliability refers to the extent to which a test measures without error. It is highly related to test validity. Test reliability can be thought of as precision; the extent to which measurement occurs without error. It can be assessed by checking the consistency of results across time, across different observers, and across parts of the test itself.
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Test-Retest reliability
- Test-Retest reliability is estimated when the same test is administered on the same sample. Therefore, it refers to the consistency of a test among two different time periods of different administrations.
- The assumption behind this approach is that there will be no substantial changes in the measurement of the construct in question, upon administration on separate occasions. The time gap that is given between measures is of critical value, the shorter the time gap, the higher the correlation value, and vice versa.
- If the test is reliable, the scores that are attained on the first administration should be more or less equal to those obtained for the second time also. The relationship between the two administrations should be highly positive.
- It always gives consistent and stable results in two different periods.
Split Half Reliability
- In this method, as the name implies, we randomly divide all items that intend to measure the same construct into two sets.
- The complete instrument is administered on a sample of people and total scores are calculated for each randomly divided half; the split-half reliability is then, the simply the correlation between these two scores.
- This method follows the internal consistency procedures to estimate reliability.
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Parallel Forms Reliability
- Parallel-Forms Reliability is known by the various names such as Alternate forms reliability, equivalent form reliability, and comparable form reliability.
- Parallel forms reliability compares two equivalent forms of a test that measure the same attribute.
- The two forms use different items. However, the rules used to select items of a particular difficulty level are the same. When two forms of the test are available, one can compare performance on one form versus the other. Sometimes the two forms are administered to the same group of people on the same day.
Hence, Criterion is NOT a test of reliability.
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