A hand tool is any tool that is not a power tool – that is, one powered by hand (manual labour) rather than by an engine. Some examples of hand tools are garden forks, secateurs, rakes, hammers, spanners, pliers, screwdrivers and chisels. Hand tools are generally less dangerous than power tools.

Hand tools are generally classified under the following categories.

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• Clamps
• Cutting Tools for Bolts, Cables, and Strapping
• Gear Pullers
• General Hand Tool Operation
• Hammers
• Hand Saw
• Non-sparking tools
• Wrenches, Cutters, Reamers, and Threaders
• Pliers and Wire Cutters
• Screwdrivers
• Snips
• Struck Tools
• Vises
• Wood Chisels
• Wrenches

Clamps :

Clamps are versatile tools that serve to temporarily hold work securely in place. They are used for many applications including carpentry, woodworking, furniture making, welding, construction & metal working.

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Clamp styles include C-clamps, bar clamps, pipe clamps, and hand screws. Bar clamps have adjustable arms that are easily widened or narrowed to fit the work piece & therefore, requires fewer turns of the screw spindle, compared to a C-clamp, to hold the piece tightly.

Proper use of a bar clamp:

• Used for woodwork, especially for holding edges when gluing.

• Apply clamping pressure at right angles to the glue line otherwise slippage may result.

Proper use of a c-clamp:

• Used for carpentry, welding or cutting.

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Proper use of a hand screw clamp:

• Can be made of metal or wood.

• Used to hold small pieces or in furniture repair.

General safety tips to know when using clamps:

• Wear safety glasses or goggles, or a face shield (with safety glasses or goggles).

• Select the proper clamp style and size by matching the work-holding requirements of the job with the following clamp features:
  • strength and weight (e.g., consider rail size and nominal clamping pressure)
  • opening (length of reach)
  • throat depth (depth of reach)
  • ease of adjustment
  • clamping surfaces (material used and size)
• Ensure that the swivel at the end of the screw turns freely before using.

• Dispose of clamps with bent frames; replace bent spindles, if possible.

• Ensure that the pressure plate and anvil parts of the clamp are in full contact with the work piece before tightening.

• Close the jaws until the clamp feels tight. For example, when gluing, some glue will be squeezed out, a sign that it is tight enough.

• Use pads with C-clamps to avoid marking the work.

• Remove clamps as soon as the job is finished. Clamps serve only as temporary devices for holding work securely in place.

• Keep all moving parts of clamps lightly oiled and keep tools clean to prevent slippage. Also make sure there is no dirt or oil on any part that will come in to contact with the work.

• Store C-clamps by clamping them in a rack, not in a drawer.

Dont’s on clamps:

• Do not use extra large clamps just for the sake of their large throats. Instead, use, deep-throat clamps.

• Do not use any clamps that have a bent frame or a bent spindle.

• Do not use wrenches, pipes, hammers, or pliers to tighten clamps. Use wrenches only on clamps especially designed for wrenches.

• Do not hoist or pull with C-clamps. Use special lifting clamps.

• Do not use C-clamps to construct scaffolds or platforms for workers.

Cutting Tools for Bolts, Cables, and Strapping:

General safety tips to know when using cutting tools:

Many types and sizes of cutters are used for cutting selected metal products made from iron, steel, or softer, non-ferrous materials (e.g., copper, brass, aluminum). Cutters are designed to cut materials of different kinds of products such as wires, cables (electrical, coax, multi-strand), wire ropes, fencing, bolts, rods, pre-stressed concrete wires, and strapping.

• Wear safety glasses or goggles, or a face shield (with safety glasses or goggles) and protective gloves when using cutters.

• Choose the proper cutter for the job. Cutters are designed for a specific type, hardness, and size of material.

• Cut materials straight across – keep the material being cut at right angles to the cutting edges of jaws.

• Prevent injury from flying metal by wrapping a burlap bag, cloth or rag around the cutting jaws. Metal can fly when cut. The harder the metal, the farther it will fly.

• Warn those in the area to take precautionary measures to avoid possible injury from flying metal pieces.

• Keep cutting tools in good repair.

• Adjust and lubricate cutter and moving parts daily if heavily used.

• Sharpen jaws according to manufacturers’ instructions.

Dont’s :

• Do not use a cutting tool until you are trained in its proper and safe use.

• Do not use cushion grip handles for jobs requiring insulated handles. Cushion grips are for comfort primarily and do not protect against electric shock.

• Do not use cutters which are cracked, broken or loose.

• Do not exceed the recommended capacity of a tool.

• Do not cut diagonally.

• Do not rock cutters from side to side when cutting wire.

• Do not pry or twist with tool when cutting.

• Do not hammer on cutting tools or extend the handle length to achieve greater cutting power.

• Do not expose cutters to excessive heat.

• Do not repair cutters. Discard equipment that is cracked, broken or shows signs of damage.

Gear Pullers:

Gear pullers are made in various shapes and sizes and have many uses. Always use the correct tool for the job.

• Wear safety glasses or goggles, or a face shield (with safety glasses or goggles).

• Select the proper gear puller for each job. Always use a gear puller of the required size or larger. Use a 3-jaw puller, if possible.

• Ensure that the gear puller is aligned with the shaft and fits tightly around the part to be removed. The jaws should be parallel with the screw. This assures a straight pull.

• Be careful when removing a stubborn gear or bearing. Always strike the head of the centre screw squarely. If after two sharp blows the gear or bearing remains stuck, select a larger puller and proceed to remove the gear or bearing.

• Use a protective cap or removable point to protect screw from mushrooming or splitting.

• Stop work if the gear puller starts to deform.

• Cover work with a cloth to protect you and by-standers from flying parts.

• Lubricate the centre screw with machine oil before use.

• Clean the gear puller after use and store it in a dry place.

Dont’s on gear puller:

• Do not use air powered tools on gear pullers.

• Do not use any puller with functioning parts that show excessive wear, dents, or cracks. Inspect the centre screw for signs of galling or seizing.

• Do not heat any gear puller. It will lose its strength and break under pressure if heated.

• Do not cut or grind any part of a gear puller.

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