What Is A Gunstock Post

Resources for Antique Home Owners

• Old Home Features
• Historic Buildings and Code Compliance
• Recognition and Resources for Old House Owners
• The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation
• Porcelin (Clawfoot) Tubs
• Barn Restoration
• Environmental Mitigation
• Abestos Guide
• Abestos Mitigation
• Home Insurance
• Floors
• Custom Decorative Finishing
• Building Restoration
• Chimney Restoration
• Window Restoration
• Masonry
• Post and Beam Construction

New Hampshire Organizations

• NH Division of Historical Resources
• NH Preservation Alliance
• NH Main Street Program

National Organizations

• National Trust for Historic Preservation

Old Home Features

Gunstock Corners:This is the popular term used to describe flared or splayed corner posts that resemble the stock of a gun in post and beam construction. Gunstock corners were a continuation of British framing construction continued from the 13th century and were a practical design for supporting the complex joint and weight born by these posts.In post and beam house construction, there are four corner posts that sit on the framed sill, serving to support the second floor and roof structure. The flare is intentional as the top of the corner post has a complex joint that first holds the wall plates and girts (usually one long timber that runs the length of the house, the other running the width) securing the corner posts and forming a strong boxlike structure, and then supports the triangular roof frame. In two story houses, corner posts usually run the height of the building and have two flares, one at the first floor ceiling height supporting the second floor plates and girts, the other at the second supporting the plates, girts and roof.

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To achieve this flare, trees were sawn turned on their heads with the thicker part of the tree trunk forming the top of the post. Commonly, the flare increases from 2 to 4 inches from bottom to top. In formal rooms, gunstock corners are usually covered by plaster and/or wood framing.

Indian Shutters:

Also known as privacy shutters or pocket shutters, the myth is that Indian shutters were built to protect occupants from Indian raids. In truth, these interior shutters, built to slide into a pocket behind the plaster wall, were used for protection but not from Indians. Shutters were used to protect occupants from cold drafts serving as insulation and retaining heat. They were also practical to protect valuable belongings from sun damage. They provided privacy and served to deter intruders. Shutters appeared in the 18th century when window treatments were uncommon. (Cotton cloth did not become widely available until the widespread use of the cotton gin in early to mid 19th century.)

There were three types of interior shutters, all vertically hinged. The first was a shutter that opened and folded to the sides of the window into the room. These were often removed later on as they occupied otherwise useful room space. Next, Indian, or pocket shutters, come in two forms. The first, one solid panel, slides on a grooved rail at the height of the chair rail. The second is composed of two panels, the bottom sliding on the grooved rail at the height of the chair rail, the second sliding on a grooved rail added at the meeting place of the two window sashes. These have also become rare as owners have tucked them behind the walls, and covered them over. The third type of interior shutter is the vertically hinged that opens to the sides, but is tucked into a recessed pocket in the window jamb built specifically for their storage. These are found more often in more elaborate homes and are likely to survive as they could be stored easily without taking up precious room space.

Wide Pine Floors:

Wide pine floors are a feature that people always look for when introduced to an old building. The belief is the wider the floorboards, the better and more valuable they are, and the more formal the room. Interestingly enough, this belief is influenced by modern tastes. The following is a quick overview of early wide pine floors. Before the industrial period, the preparation of wood for construction and finish work was all done by hand. Old growth pine trees were plentiful and allowed woodsmen the ability to maximize the width of wood planking (ranging from 1-2 feet in width), thus minimizing the work they had to expend to cover a surface. Through the 18th century, floorboards ranged in size and in length, even within the same floor space. The goal was to use the smallest number of boards to cover the surface, thus requiring less preparation of individual boards. This means that in more formal rooms of this era, you may find that floorboards are narrower than in back or upstairs rooms, demonstrating the wealth of the owner who could afford to pay for the additional craftsmanship to have smaller sized floorboards.

Not until the early 1800s, with mechanization, did regular, narrower boards (4-6″ in width) begin to be produced for flooring. Contrary to 18th century tastes, it has become popular to move very wide attic floorboards down to the main floor rooms as nowadays wider is more valuable, not narrower.

As for maintaining these old floors, they were either left unpainted and scrubbed with a mixture of sand and herbs, or lymewashed. Otherwise to facilitate their cleaning, it was common to oil paint them in a solid color, or to stencil them in a grand pattern, such as a checkerboard marble floor (black and white diagonal squares). They were never sanded and varnished.

You mandight have wondered why floorboards go in different directions. The diagram below depicts an example of an 18th century framing structure and shows how floorboards rested on joists and why the direction of floorboards changes from front to back.

The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation may be considered as a treatment when repair and replacement of deteriorated features are necessary; when alterations or additions to the property are planned for a new or continued use; and when its depiction at a particular period of time is not appropriate. Prior to undertaking work, a documentation plan for rehabilitation should be developed.

1. 1. A property shall be used as it was historically or be given a new use that requires minimal change to its distinctive materials, features, spaces, and spatial relationships.

1. 1. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of distinctive materials or alteration of features, spaces, and spatial relationships that characterize a property shall be avoided.

1. 1. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken.

1. 1. Changes to a property that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved.

1. 1. Distinctive materials, featuress, finishes and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property shall be preserved.

1. 1. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary and physical evidence.

1. 1. Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. Treatments that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used.

1. 1. Archaeological resources shall be protected and preserved in place. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.

1. 1. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials, features, and spatial relationships that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the historic materials, features, size, scale and proportion, and massing, to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment.

1. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that, if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.and

Barn Restoration

Restoration of antique Barns and Homes J Heaney Construction PO Box 98 Francestown, NH 03043 603 547-2147

Jeb specializes in the restoration of older barns and homes. Sill replacement specialist. meticulous yet reasonable.

Home Insurance

Boyd & Boufford Rick Boyd 603 673-7228 www.boydboufford.com [email protected]

Full service Insurance agency with policies for antique homeowners.

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Environmental Mitigation

Lead Paint Abatement, Mold Remediation, and Period Restoration

Alpine has been making homes safe while preserving historic architectural details for over twenty-five years. They offer lead paint abatement and mold remediation services with a focus on historic buildings.

Alpine Environmental, Inc. Ron Peik, Owner & President 21 Progress Ave., Suite #1 Chelmsford, MA 01824 Office: 978-250-2740 | Fax: 978-250-0565 www.alpine-environmental.com

Asbestos Guide

“Our Asbestos Guide offers information about asbestos, its dangers, what to do if yandou suspect it’s in your home, the dos and don’ts when handling asbestos and other useful information to keep you, your family and others safe in your home.”

Asbestos Mitigation

Asbestos Recycling Mesothelioma Justice Network Kaila Williams (855) 722-2974

Asbestos Recycling

Asbestos can be recycled, but not in the way you would recycle paper or plastic. This type of recycling uses high temperatures to change asbestos fibers into glass or ceramic fibers that are safe to use for other purposes. If asbestos is in your home, contact professionals that are properly trained to dispose of it. Do not try to remove or recycle asbestos yourself. This can disturb asbestos fibers and put you at risk of mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases.

Floors

Wide Plank Floors Carlisle Wide Plank Floors 1676 Route 9 Stoddard, NH 03464 1 800 595-9663

The original source of wide plank wood floors. Custom made from old growth heart pine, premium hardwoods, antique boards.

http://www.wideplankflooring.com

and

Custom Decorative Finishing

Donna Revens

Decorative painting, Color consulting, interior design and Home Staging

www.fauxnh.com

603 305-8460

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[email protected]

Building Restoration

Butler Restorations llcMike Butler603 588-2637www.shorthillstudio.com Building Restoration, Replication, Preservation Ironwood Restoration, LLC PO Box 487 Marlow, NH 03456

603 446-3669and

Dedicated to maintaining the integrity and aesthetics of community architecture. Building preservation and restoration compnay specializing in preparing old buildings for their next century. Consulting, reproduction millwork, general restoration services

Contact: Brian J. Gallien www.ironwd.com

Chimney Restoration

Chimney Restoration Group 905 Route 106 North Loudon, NH 03307

866 798-3676

Full chimney service from cleaning to repairs, lining, rebuilding and new construction. Specializing in restoration and preservation.

www.supaflu.com

Window Restoration

Winn Mountain Restorations, LLC 75 Holt Road Lyndeborough, NH 03082

603.654.2115 office 603.620.0923 cell

www.winnmountainrestorations.com

Andrew Roandeper has been living in and working on old houses most of his life. In 2006 he founded Winn Mountain Restorations to restore old windows (and some doors). Home and shop were based in a 270-year-old connected farmhouse and barn structure which could be a life’s work in itself. The shop moved to larger space in Peterborough in the summer of 2015 and continues to grow. Restoration projects have ranged from private homes to meeting houses and libraries. Current notable projects include the Wentworth Coolidge Mansion in Portsmouth NH, the Hancock Meeting House, the Plainfield Town Hall and the Tuttle Library in Antrim. Past projects have included the Wilton Public Library, A shaker house in Sharon, Mass., the Bean Community Center in Portsmouth (a conversion), the Gilmanton Town Hall, The Pembroke Clock Tower, The Gaudette Mill building (a residence in Peterborough), a large Queen Anne residence in Nashua, The Nashua Unitarian Church, the Peterborough Unitarian Church, the Lyndeborough Center Church, the Stoddard Town Hall and Church and other public and private buildings in New Hampshire and Massachusetts. He is a charter member of both the Window Preservation Alliance and the New England Window Restoration Alliance, president emeritus of the Preservation Trades Network, a life member of the Timber Framer’s Guild and has taught restoration classes and demonstrated throughout the eastern half of the US.

Masonry

Alex and Graham PendleburyPendlebury Masonry603 487-2636www.pendleburymasonry.com

Post and Beam Construction

Post and Beam ConstructionPaul Freeman-ownerBrooks Post and Beam603 654-3210www.brookspostandbeam.com

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