Chromosomes can be defined as fragile, thread-like structures found within the nucleus of a cell. These chromosomes are mainly involved in carrying and transporting genetic instructions from one generation to another generation during the process of reproduction. Other primary functions of chromosomes are cell division, cell repair, heredity, mutation, variation and also regeneration.
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Here are solved important MCQs on chromosomes- Structure, function, types and its disorders.
1. The term chromosome was coined by ___________.
(a) Sutton
(b) Boveri
(c) Waldeyer
(d) Hoffmeister
Sol: (c) Waldeyer.
2. In males, the gene for colour blindness is located in________.
(a) X-chromosome
(b) Y-chromosome
(c) Both X and Y chromosome
(d) Either X-chromosome or Y-chromosome
Sol: (a) X-chromosome.
3. Who proposed the chromosomal theory of inheritance?
(a) Sutton
(b) Boveri
(c) Correns
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Sol: (d) Both (a) and (b).
4. Which of the following is called the sex-linked disease?
(a) Leukemia
(b) Alzheimer’s
(c) Malignancy
(d) Colour blindness
Sol: (d) Colour blindness.
5. Which of the following statements is true about the ends of the chromosome?
(a) The ends of the chromosome are called Satellites
(b) The ends of the chromosome are called Centromeres
(c) The ends of the chromosome are called Telomeres
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(d) The ends of the chromosome are called Kinetochore
Sol: (c) The ends of the chromosome are called Telomeres.
6. How many sex chromosomes are present in a human being?
(a) 1 pair
(b) 2 pairs
(c) 3 pairs
(d) 4 pairs
Sol: (a) 1 pair.
7. Who was the first person to observe the chromosomes?
(a) Fleming
(b) Waldeyer
(c) Strasburger
(d) Hofmeister
Sol: (d) Hofmeister.
8. Which of the following statements is true about the metaphase?
(a) A chromosome is the thickest during the metaphase
(b) A chromosome is the shortest during the metaphase
(c) A chromosome is the longest during the metaphase
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Sol: (d) Both (a) and (b).
9. A fully expressed allele is referred to as ________.
(a) Dominant
(b) Recessive
(c) Homologous
(d) Heterozygous
Sol: (a) Dominant.
10. During the anaphase stage in a bone marrow cell, each of the chromosomes has_______.
(a) No chromatids
(b) One chromatid
(c) Two chromatids
(d) Several chromatids
Sol: (b) One chromatid.
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11. Most of the genetic disorders are caused due to _________.
(a) Mutation
(b) The gender of an individual
(c) The gross chromosomal abnormalities
(d) All of the above
Sol: (a) Mutation.
12. The thread-like structures, which appear inside the nucleus at the time of cell division, are called __________.
(a) Asters
(b) Centrioles
(c) Chromosomes
(d) Spindle fibers
Sol: (c) Chromosomes.
13. Which of the following statements is true about the chromatin composition?
(a) DNA
(b) RNA
(c) DNA and proteins
(d) DNA, RNA and proteins
Sol: (d) DNA, RNA and proteins.
14. How many autosomes are present in a human being?
(a) 20 pairs
(b) 22 pairs
(c) 23 pairs
(d) 44 pairs
Sol: (b) 22 pairs.
15. Which of the following living species comprises more than 200 chromosomes?
(a) Amoeba
(b) Buffalo
(c) Chicken
(d) Giraffe
Sol: (a) Amoeba.
Also Refer: MCQs on Chromosomal basis of inheritance
Stay tuned with BYJU’S Biology for more MCQs on chromosomes, their functions, structure and other Biology related topics.
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