RESULTS
Annualized levels of participation in basketball, football, and soccer for the years 2003-2007 are presented in Table 1. The most popular sport by number of participants was basketball, which had more than 1.75 million participants per day, almost 3 times as many as football (480 074) or soccer (506 062). Football was the second most popular sport among males, whereas soccer was the second most popular sport among females. Football players spent the greatest amount of time playing per day: 2.37 hours on average, compared with 2.03 hours for basketball and 2.09 hours for soccer. Substantially more males than females participated in these sports on an average day, accounting for 97% of football players, 87% of basketball players, and 74% of soccer players. Not only were females less likely than males to participate in these sports, they also participated for shorter periods of time, approximately 18 fewer minutes per day.
Annual rates of injury using ED-treated injuries as the numerator and the U.S. population and hours of participation as the denominators are presented in Table 2. From 2003 through 2007, the average annual number of injuries treated in the ED was highest in basketball players (350 033), followed by football (219 164) and soccer (100 820). These numbers translate into the following annual injury rates per 1000 U.S. population: 1.49 (95% CI = 1.30, 1.67) in basketball, 0.93 (95% CI = 0.82, 1.04) in football, and 0.43 (95% CI = 0.33, 0.53) in soccer. With 10 000 hours of participation as the denominator, the injury rate in football (5.08, 95% CI = 4.46, 5.69) was almost twice as high as for basketball (2.69, 95% CI = 2.35, 3.02, P < .01) and soccer (2.69, 95% CI = 2.07, 3.30, P < .01). These trends remained when analyses were stratified by sex.
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When the U.S. population was used as the denominator, the risk of injury appeared higher in males than females for all sports (all P < .01). However, when the denominator was hours of participation, females had higher injury rates than males (all P < .01). For example, the annual rates of injury in male soccer players were 0.59 (95% CI = 0.46, 0.72)/1000 people and 2.27 (95% CI = 1.76, 2.78)/10 000 hours, whereas rates for females were 0.28 (95% CI = 0.21, 0.34)/1000 people and 4.30 (95% CI = 3.23, 5.36)/10 000 hours.
We also compared types of injuries by sport to gain a better understanding of the injury burden to athletes participating in these sports (Table 3). The most common injury in all 3 sports was a strain or sprain. Data on severity of injury, such as loss of time at play or cost of treatment, were not collected. However, fractures and internal organ injuries, which may be more serious than most other types of ED-treated injuries, can be examined as a very rough proxy of severity. Fractures were most common in football players (19.7%), followed by 19.3% in soccer players and 14.5% in basketball players (P < .01 for all pairwise comparisons). The highest frequency of internal organ injury was in soccer players (3.1%), followed by football (2.8%) and basketball (1.3%) players (P < .01 for all pairwise comparisons).
Source: https://t-tees.com
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