Hearing aids and cochlear or brainstem implants are examples of assisted hearing devices. These would enable any person, including those who are born deaf, to be able to hear and develop speech and language.
A hearing aid is a small removable electronic device that is worn in or behind the ear to improve hearing. Hearing aids can benefit those with moderate hearing to learn. Those with severe to profound deafness would need other options, such as a bone-anchored hearing aid, cochlear implant, auditory brainstem implant.
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A bone-anchored hearing aid is a type of hearing aid used in people who have conductive hearing loss and cannot benefit from a hearing aid. It is a surgically implanted device behind the ear. It allows the bone to transfer sound to a functioning cochlea (the inner ear) rather than via the middle ear, which happens in normal hearing. Hence, this process is called direct bone conduction.
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A cochlear implant is a type of assistive device that is surgical implanted in the ear. It can help those with severe or profound deafness. There is also an external portion that sits behind the ear. They work by directly stimulating the auditory nerve (nerve responsible for hearing) and amplifying sounds. These days, 80 percent of children born in the United States get a cochlear implant. Cochlear implant surgery may also be done for those who lost their hearing later in life. The outcome of cochlear implant surgery can vary. Children born deaf should undergo the surgery before the age of 6 years (the earlier the better) to get the best results. When done after the age of 6 years, they would be able to hear sounds but developing speech becomes difficult. When the cochlear implant is done early during childhood, most children often grow up to have normal speech and language. Children may undergo the surgery after 12 months of age. Adults with normal speech, who lost their hearing later in life also benefit from cochlear implant surgery. Post-surgery, there is a lot of training to learn and distinguish the sounds that they are hearing.
If the child has a very thin or absent auditory nerve, a cochlear implant will not help. In such cases, an auditory brainstem implant may be done. The implant is surgically implanted in the part of the brainstem that is responsible for hearing. The auditory nerve and other structures in the nerve are bypassed, and the brainy is directly stimulated.
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