“The only way to learn a new programming language is by writing programs in it.”
You may be interested—Dennis Ritchie
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The world has been evolving at an astonishing rate, and a solid part of the credit for that advancement goes to the application developers. In case you haven’t noticed, application development has become all the rage in recent years.
Everyone is trying to get in on the application development scene as it offers some of the highest-payingṣ career paths, such as web development, data science, artificial intelligence, and more.
But before you start on a career path and create your first application, you need to first pick a programming language. And boy, there are a lot of programming languages, more than 700 actually, to choose from.
Seems like a crazy high number, right?
Don’t worry. We’ve compiled this list to make this choice as smooth as possible for you by going over some popular programming languages and their common uses.
If you’re planning to pick up a programming language in 2021, we’d suggest picking up something that is more modern, widely used, and has loads of packages or libraries.
In this section, we’ll go over some of the widely used programming languages that tick all the boxes that we mentioned above and share their uses as well.
1. Python — Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
Source: Python Official Website
- Level: Beginner
- Popular Frameworks: Django, Flask
- Platform: Web, Desktop
- Popularity: #1 on PYPL Popularity Index of March 2021, #3 on Tiobe Index for March 2021, Loved by 66.7% of StackExchange developers in 2020, and wanted by 30%, the most of any language.
Developed by Guido van Rossum in the 1990s, the multi-purpose high-level Python has grown extremely fast over the years to become one of the most popular programming languages today.
And the number one reason for Python’s popularity is its beginner-friendliness, which allows anyone, even individuals with no programming background, to pick up Python and start creating simple programs.
But that’s not all. It also offers an exceptionally vast collection of packages and libraries that can play a key role in reducing the ETA for your projects, along with a strong community of like-minded developers that is eager to help.
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What this language is used for —
Although Python can be used to build pretty much anything, it really shines when it comes to working on technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Data Analytics. Python also proves to be useful for web development, creating enterprise applications, and GUIs for applications.
Python is used in many application domains. Here’s a sampling —
https://www.python.org/about/apps/
Additional Resources:
- Learn Python — freecodecamp
- Python Tutorial — Python for Beginners — Programming With Mosh
- Python Tutorial — Learnpython.org
2. JavaScript — Rich Interactive Web Development
Source : Official JavaScript Website
- Level: Beginner
- Popular Frameworks: Node.js, Angular, React.js, Vue, Meteor
- Platform: Web, Desktop, Frontend scripting
- Popularity: #3 on PYPL Popularity Index of March 2021, #7 on Tiobe Index for March 2021, Loved by 58.3% of StackExchange developers in 2020, and wanted by 18.5%, the most of any language.
JavaScript was one of the key programming languages alongside HTML and CSS that helped build the internet. JavaScript was created in 1995 by Netscape, the company that released the famous Netscape Navigator browser, to eliminate the crudeness of static web pages and add a pinch of dynamic behavior to them.
Today, JavaScript has become a high-level multi-paradigm programming language that serves as the world’s top frontend programming language for the web, handling all the interactions offered by the webpages, such as pop-ups, alerts, events, and many more like them.
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What this language is used for —
JavaScript is the perfect option if you want your app to run across a range of devices, such as smartphones, cloud, containers, micro-controllers, and on hundreds of browsers. For the server-side workloads, there’s Node.js, a proven JavaScript runtime that is being used by thousands of companies today.
Additional Resources:
- Learn JavaScript — freecodecamp
- JavaScript Tutorial for Beginners: Learn JavaScript in 1 Hour — Programming with Mosh
- Learn JavaScript By Building Seven Games — freecodecamp
3. Java — Enterprise Application Development
Source : Official Java Website
- Level: Intermediate
- Popular Frameworks: Spring, Hibernate, Strut
- Platform: Web, Mobile, Desktop
- Popularity: #2 on PYPL Popularity Index of March 2021, #2 on Tiobe Index for March 2021, Loved by 44.1% of StackExchange developers in 2020.
Java has remained the de-facto programming language for building enterprise-grade applications for more than 20 years now.
Created by Sun Microsystems’ James Gosling in 1995, the object-oriented programming language Java has been serving as a secure, reliable, and scalable tool for developers ever since.
Some of the features offered by Java that make it more preferable than several other programming languages are its garbage collection capabilities, backward compatibility, platform independence via JVM, portability, and high performance.
Java’s popularity can be seen clearly among the Fortune 500 members as 90% of them use Java to manage their business efficiently.
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What this language is used for —
Apart from being used to develop robust business applications, Java has also been used extensively in Android, making it a prerequisite for Android developers. Java also allows developers to create apps for a range of industries, such as banking, electronic trading, e-commerce, as well as apps for distributed computing.
Additional Resources:
- Learn Java — Codecademy
- Learn Java Programming — Programiz
4. R — Data Analysis
Source: Official R Website
- Level: Intermediate
- Popular Studio: R Studio
- Platform: Mainly desktop
- Popularity: #7 on PYPL Popularity Index of March 2021.
If you do any sort of data analysis or work on Machine Learning projects, the chances are that you may have heard about R. The R programming language was first released to the public in 1993 by its creators Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman as an implementation of the S programming language with a special focus on statistical computing and graphical modeling.
Over the years, R became one of the best programming languages for projects requiring extensive data analysis, graphical data modeling, spatial and time-series analysis.
R also provides great extensibility via its functions and extensions that offer a ton of specialized techniques and capabilities to developers. The language also works remarkably well with code from other programming languages, such as C, C++, Python, Java, and .NET.
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What this language is used for —
Apart from some of the uses mentioned above, R can be used for behavior analysis, data science, and machine learning projects that involve classification, clustering, and more.
Additional Resources:
- R Programming Tutorial — Learn the Basics of Statistical Computing — freecodecamp
- R Programming — Coursera
- Learn R — Codecademy
5. C/C++ — Operating Systems and System Tools
Arranged by author.
- Level: C — Intermediate to Advanced, C++ — Beginner to Intermediate
- Popular Frameworks: MFC, .Net, Qt, KDE, GNOME
- Platform: Mobile, Desktop, Embedded
Believe it or not, the programming languages C/C++ were all the rage in the very late 20th century. Why?
It’s because C and C++ are both very low-level programming languages, offering blazing fast performance, which is why they were and are still being used to develop operating systems, file systems, and other system-level applications.
While C was released in the 70s by Dennis Ritchie, C++, an extension to C with classes and many other additions, such as object-oriented features, was released later by Bjarne Stroustrup in the mid-80s.
Even after close to 50 years, both the programming languages are still being used to create rock-steady and some of the fastest applications of all times.
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What this language is used for —
As C & C++ both offer full access to the underlying hardware, they have been used to create a wide variety of applications and platforms, such as system applications, real-time systems, IoT, embedded systems, games, cloud, containers, and more.
Additional Resources:
- C Programming Tutorial for Beginners — freecodecamp
- C++ Tutorial for Beginners — Full Course — freecodecamp
- Learn C++ — Codecademy
- Learn C — Programiz
6. Golang — Server-Side Programming
Source — Official Golang Website
- Level: Beginner to intermediate
- Popular Framework: Revel, Beego
- Platform: Cross-platform, mainly desktop
- Popularity: Loved by 62.3% of StackExchange developers in 2020, and wanted by 17.9%, the most of any language.
Go, or Golang, is a compiled programming language developed by the search giant Google. Created in 2009, Golang is an effort by the designers at Google to eliminate all the faults in the languages used throughout the organization and by keeping all the best features intact.
Golang is fast and has a simple syntax, allowing anyone to pick up the programming language. It also comes with cross-platform support, making it easy and efficient to use.
Go claims to offer a mix of high-performance like C/C++, simplicity, and usability like Python, along with efficient concurrency handling like Java.
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What this language is used for —
Go is primarily used in back-end technologies, cloud services, distributed networks, IoT, but it has also been used to create console utilities, GUI applications, and web applications.
Additional Resources :
- Golang Tutorial for Beginners— freecodecamp
- Go Tutorial — Tutorialspoint
- Introducing Go — Caleb Doxsey
7. C# — Application & Web Development Using .NET
Source — Wikipedia C Sharp
- Level: Intermediate
- Popular Frameworks: .NET, Xamarin
- Platform: Cross-platform, including mobile and enterprise software applications
- Popularity: #4 on PYPL Popularity Index of March 2021, #5 on Tiobe Index for March 2021, Loved by 59.7% of StackExchange developers in 2020.
C# was Microsoft’s approach to developing a programming language similar to the object-oriented C as part of its .NET initiative. The general-purpose multi-paradigm programming language was unveiled in 2000 by Anders Hejlsberg and has a syntax similar to C, C++, and Java.
This was a huge plus point for developers who were familiar with either of these languages. It also offered relatively faster compilation and execution along with seamless scalability.
C# was designed keeping in mind the .NET ecosystem, which allows developers to access a range of libraries and frameworks offered by Microsoft. And with the integration with Windows, C# becomes extremely easy to use, even perfect for developing Windows-based apps.
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What this language is used for —
Developers can use C# for a range of projects, including game development, server-side programming, web development, creating web forms, mobile applications, and more. C# has also been used to develop apps for the Windows platform, specifically Windows 8 and 10.
Additional Resources:
- Learn C# — Codeacademy
- C# Tutorials — W3Schools
8. PHP — Web Development
Source — Official PHP Website
- Level: Beginner
- Popular Frameworks: CakePHP, Larawell, Symfony, Phalcon
- Platform: Cross-platform (desktop, mobile, web) Back-end web scripting.
- Popularity: #6 on PYPL Popularity Index of March 2021, #8 on Tiobe Index for March 2021.
Just like Guido van Rossum’s Python, PHP also came to fruition as a side project by Rasmus Lerdorf, with the initial development dating back to the year 1994.
Rasmus’s version of PHP was originally intended to help him maintain his personal homepage, but over the years, the project evolved to support web forms and databases.
Today, PHP has become a general-purpose scripting language that’s being used around the globe, primarily for server-side web development. It is fast, simple, and is platform-independent, along with a large open-source software community.
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What this language is used for —
A large number of companies are using PHP today to create tools like CMS (Content Management Systems), eCommerce platforms, and web applications. PHP also makes it extremely easy to create web pages in an instant.
9. SQL — Data Management
- Level: Beginner
- Platform: Back-end database management
- Popularity: #10 on Tiobe Index for March 2021, Loved by 56.6% of StackExchange developers in 2020.
SQL, short for Structured Query Language, is probably one of the most crucial programming languages on this list.
Designed by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce in 1974, the special-purpose programming language has played a key role in enabling developers to create and manage tables and databases for storing relational data over hundreds of thousands of data fields.
Without SQL, organizations would have to rely on older and possibly slower methods of storing and accessing vast amounts of data. With SQL, much of these tasks can be done within seconds.
Over the years, SQL has helped spawn a large number of RDBMS (Relational Database Management Systems) that offer much more than just the creation of tables and databases.
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What this language is used for —
Pretty much every other project or industry that needs to deal with large amounts of data stored in tables or databases uses SQL through an RDBMS.
Additional Resources:
- Learn SQL — Codecademy
- NoSQL Databases Explained — IBM Cloud
- Coding Resources: SQL — Berkeley Boot Camps
10. Swift — For Mobile App Development on iOS
Source — Official Swift Website
- Level: Beginner
- Popular Frameworks: Alamofire, RxSwift, Snapkit
- Platform: Mobile (Apple iOS apps, specifically)
- Popularity: #9 on PYPL Popularity Index of March 2021, Loved by 59.5% of StackExchange developers in 2020.
Apple’s full control over its hardware and software has allowed it to deliver smooth and consistent experiences across its range of devices. And that’s where Swift comes in.
Swift is Apple’s own programming language that was released in 2014 as a replacement for its Objective-C programming language. It is a multi-paradigm general-purpose programming language that’s extremely efficient and designed to improve developer productivity.
Swift is a modern programming language (newest on this list), fast, powerful, and offers full interoperability with Objective-C. Over the years, Swift received numerous updates that helped it gain significant popularity among Apple’s iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS platforms.
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What this language is used for —
Paired with Apple’s Cocoa and Cocoa Touch framework, Swift can be used to create apps for virtually every Apple device, such as iPhones, iPads, Mac, Watch, and other devices.
Additional Resources —
- Swift Programming Tutorial for Beginners (Full Tutorial) — CodeWithChris
Conclusion
Now let’s quickly conclude this article by giving you an insight into the importance and career growth opportunities associated with these programming languages. Every programming language has its own set of benefits, and out of all the entries, you can enter the field of your choice.
Mastering Python can help you land one of the top 3 highest paying job roles in the industry. With Python, you can apply for Software Engineer, DevOps Engineer, Data Scientist, and can even secure job positions in the most reputed companies with a handsome package.
You can simply opt for Quantitative Analyst, Data Visualization, Expert, Business Intelligence Expert, and Data Analyst with R.
Regarding JavaScript, there is a high demand for Javascript developers offering a modest salary.
But there’s no beating the efficiency of C/C++ when it comes to building system tools and operating systems as it continues to enjoy the number one spot on TIOBE’s software quality index. SQL remains one of the best programming languages to tinker around vast databases, while C# proves perfect for Windows. Swift has also been seeing a rise in popularity among developers looking to build for Apple’s hardware. As for PHP and Go, they continue to maintain a respectable position in the industry.
So, out of the 10 programming languages, it’s totally up to you which one is your go-to choice and makes your career in. So choose wisely!
Claire D. Costa is a Content Crafter and Strategist at Digitalogy who can transform your content ideas into clear, compelling, concise writing that forges powerful connections with readers.
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