ASIAN LIP MEASUREMENTS
As would be expected, Asians have different lip measurements than Caucasians. Wong et al3 conducted a study comparing specific lip parameters between Caucasians, Chinese-Americans, and Korean-Americans. Using three-dimensional imaging technology, this study was able to measure lip landmarks using both caliper and surface distances measurements, which differ from one another because of the rounded nature of the lips. Using other software, the volume and surface area of subjects’ lips were calculated as well. Significant differences were found between the Asian groups when compared with the Caucasian group, especially with regard to the female subjects; however, differences were also found when comparing Chinese-Americans and Korean-Americans with each other.3
With regard to the women, Caucasian lips were found to be thinnest, with the smallest upper lip height and volume. Korean women had the highest ratio of upper lip to lower lip. Chinese women had the thickest lower lip, as well as the greatest upper lip volume. Male lips were found to be more similar to each other across ethnic groups; however, Caucasians men had the thinnest lips. Men of Chinese descent had the largest total lip volume.3
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Regarding upper lip (measured from the midline of the upper lip vermilion border) to lower lip height ratio, Chinese women were found to have a mean ratio of 1:1.25 when measured both by caliper and surface distance. Korean women were found to have a ratio of 1:1.11 when measured by caliper and 1:1.25 when measured by surface distance. Caucasian women had the smallest ratio at 1:1.43, as measured both by caliper and surface distance. Korean female lip ratios were significantly different from those in Caucasians. Chinese, Korean, and Caucasian men were all found to have a mean lip ratio of 1:1.25 with no significant differences found.3
Jayaratne et al 4 published a similar study that used three-dimensional facial photographs to evaluate the orolabial region of Chinese participants. Measurements included upper and lower lip vermilion height. Mean female upper vermilion height was found to be 9.09mm and mean lower vermilion height was 9.79mm, yielding an upper lip to lower lip ratio of 1:1.08. Mean male upper vermilion height was found to be 10.20mm and mean lower vermilion height was 10.98mm, also resulting in a ratio of 1:1.08. These results were compared with those of a similar anthropometric analysis of Caucasians done by Farkas,5 and, ultimately, Chinese men were found to have larger upper and lower lip vermilion heights than Caucasians. Chinese women, however, had similar measurements to their Caucasian counterparts.2 This contrasts with the findings of the study by Wong et al,3 which noted significant differences between Chinese and Caucasian upper and lower lip measurements.
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Another study, performed by loi et al,6 investigated the vermilion height found most attractive by Japanese and Korean orthodontists and orthodontic patients. The subjects rated, according to their preferences, altered photographs in which vermilion height was adjusted to various sizes. Based on their results, a pair of “average lips” has measurements of 7.8mm for the upper lip at the midline and 12.2mm for the lower lip. This gives an upper to lower lip ratio of 1:1.56. However, it is unclear how this “average” value was chosen in the study, and it appears very different from the average values published in the two studies mentioned previously.3,4
Lemperle et al7 describe a method for calculating a lip Index based off objective lip measurements, including vermilion height, that can be used to quantitatively measure the effects of a lip augmentation with dermal fillers. Based on an analysis of 40 pairs of lips, Caucasian women were found to have an overall lip index between 50 and 100, while Asian women had a lip index between 100 and 200. Because a larger lip index correlates with fuller lips, this study suggested that Asian women have fuller lips on average than Caucasian women. In regard to what is “average” among Asians, different studies have obtained varying results, highlighting the need for more research in this area.
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Category: WHO
