Bluebook Rule (21st): 3.2
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Pages and pincites
Page numbers are typically cited following the name of a work and before a date parenthetical:
Julius G. Getman, Restoring the Power of Unions: It Takes a Movement 52 (2010).
For citations to an authority which is part of a larger, consecutively paginated source, such as case reporters or periodicals, include the page number on which the authority being cited begins:
Edgewater Foundation v. Thompson, 350 F.3d 694 (7th Cir. 2003).
When citing to a specific page in a citation that includes a page number use a comma to separate the pincite from the first page of the authority:
Yuval Karniel & Stephen Bates, Copyright in Second Life, 20 Alb. J.L. Sci. & Tech. 433, 442 (2010).
Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629, 632 (1950).
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If necessary to avoid confusion, use “at” before the pincite:
H.R. Rep. No. 105-452, at 11 (1998).
A span of multiple pages may be cited by giving the inclusive page numbers separated by either an en dash (-) or a hyphen (-). The final two digits are always important, but repetitious digits may be dropped:
H.R. Rep. No. 105-452, at 8-10 (1998).
Yuval Karniel & Stephen Bates, Copyright in Second Life, 20 Alb. J.L. Sci. & Tech. 433, 442-45 (2010).
“To” may be substituted for an en dash or hyphen to avoid confusion:
13-2.1 to 13-3
Citations to multiple, non-consecutive pages are separated by commas:
Edgewater Foundation v. Thompson, 350 F.3d 694, 695, 697 (7th Cir. 2003).
Stars in star pagination should be retained in all instances other than a consecutive page span:
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United States v. Mazarella, 2010 WL 2947233, at *3, *9-12 (3d Cir. July 29, 2010).
United States v. Mazarella, 2010 U.S. App. LEXIS 15655, at *24, *25-26 (3d Cir. July 29, 2010).
Footnotes & Endnotes
For a citation directly to a footnote, give the page number on which the note begins, the abbreviation “n.” and the footnote number.
Melissa L. Tatum, et al., Does Gender Influence Attitudes Toward Copyright in the Filk Community?, 18 Am. U. J. Gender Soc. Pol’y & L. 219, 230 n.42 (2009).
A citation to multiple footnotes uses the abbreviation “nn.” instead of “n.”:
230 nn.42-44
Graphical Materials
When citing to things like tables, charts, or other graphical materials, you should give the page number on which the item appears and the designation that the source gives it (if any). There should not be a space between the abbreviation of the source type and the number.
If you cite multiple graphical materials on the same page, use commas and ampersands (&) to separate them.
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