What are the risks of a colonoscopy?
As with any invasive procedure, complications may occur. Complications related to colonoscopy include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Continued bleeding after biopsy (tissue sample) or polyp removal
- Nausea, vomiting, bloating or rectal irritation caused by the procedure or by the preparatory bowel cleansing
- A bad reaction to the pain medicine or the sedative (medicine used to provide a relaxing, calming effect)
- A perforation (hole) in the intestinal wall, which is a rare complication
You may have other risks related to your condition. Be sure to discuss any concerns with your provider before the procedure.
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How do I get ready for a colonoscopy?
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Your health care provider will fully explain the procedure and answer your questions. You will be asked to sign a consent form prior to the test. Read the form carefully and ask any questions you may have.
Dietary Instructions
You must not eat or drink for a specified amount of time before the procedure. This often means no food or drink after midnight or a restricted schedule with the laxative and water sips allowed until a couple hours before the colonoscopy. You may be given additional instructions about a special diet to follow for one or two days before the procedure. It is absolutely mandatory to follow your particular instructions carefully to avoid cancellation and to ensure a safe, effective test.
Notifications for Your Doctor
Before your colonoscopy, tell your provider:
- If you are sensitive or allergic to any medicines, latex, tape oranesthesia medicines (local and general)
- About all the medicines you take, including over-the-counter drugs, prescription medicines, vitamins, herbs and other supplements
- If you have a history of bleeding disorders
- If you are pregnant or think you may be pregnant
Bowel Preparation
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Your health care provider will give you instructions on how to prepare your bowel for the test. You may be asked to take a laxative, an enema or a rectal laxative suppository. Or you may have to drink a special fluid that helps clean out your colon.
Medications Before and After the Procedure
If you are taking any blood-thinning medicines, aspirin, ibuprofen or other medicines that affect blood clotting, they may need to be stopped before the procedure. If you have a heart valve disease, you may be given disease-fighting antibiotics before the procedure.
Prior to the procedure, you will be given pain medicine and a sedative. After the procedure, someone must drive you home.
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