Introduction
Have you ever come across a baby possum and wondered when they start eating solid food? In this article, we will explore the fascinating world of baby possums and their journey to eating solid food. From their unique characteristics to their diet and development, we will provide valuable insights to help you understand and support these adorable creatures.
This Is How The Story Usually Begins
You come across a scene where a momma opossum has been killed, but there are still one or more babies alive on her back or in her pouch. Alternatively, you might find a little creature in your empty trash can that at first you mistake for a rat, only to discover it’s a baby possum. These encounters can leave you wondering what to do and how to care for these ancient creatures that have been around much longer than we have.
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Can You Tell Me A Bit About This Strange Creature?
The Virginia possum, also known as the Didelphis virginiana, is our only marsupial animal in North America. Despite the common association of marsupials with Australia, possums are thought to have originated in North America and then migrated to other continents. These ancient creatures have remained relatively unchanged for the last 40 million years. Opossums have an average weight of 8-9 lbs for males and 6-7 lbs for females. They have a strong, manipulative tail and are omnivorous, feeding on insects, grubs, fruit, berries, rodents, carrion, and anything edible they come across.
How is Opossum Childbirth Different?
Opossums have a remarkably short pregnancy, with babies being born only 11-13 days after mating. At birth, the babies are little more than embryos, weighing a bit more than one-tenth of a gram. Litter sizes range from 7-12, depending on the number of available nipples (generally 13). Opossums give birth throughout the year, with up to three litters per year. The babies remain clamped to their mother’s nipple in the pouch for their first 50-60 days. During this time, their eyes open, they develop the capacity to chew, and they wean themselves from their mother’s milk by about 82-95 days.
Does This Baby Opossum Really Need My Help?
If you come across a baby opossum that is already 7+ inches long and appears healthy, it is likely old enough to get along on its own. You can gently move it to a safe area and provide food and water for it. However, it’s important to remove any attractants, such as pet food or fruit, to prevent more opossums from appearing.
What About Taking The Babies To Some Local Wildlife Center?
If the baby is injured, it is a good idea to take it to a local wildlife center. However, if the baby is healthy and 7+ inches long, it is best to cover it in a shady area until nightfall and let it leave on its own. Wildlife centers can expose the baby to stress and disease, so it is best to let them be in their natural environment if possible.
What About Calling Animal Control?
It is not recommended to call animal control for baby opossums unless they are injured or in immediate danger. Municipal shelters may not have the expertise or resources to properly care for and release the opossums. It is best to contact local wildlife rehabilitators or wildlife centers for assistance.
Are There Laws That I Need To Be Aware Of?
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Yes, there are laws regarding the handling and care of wildlife. In most states, it is illegal to personally assist wildlife without being certified by the state. However, licensed veterinarians are generally free to treat injured wildlife. It’s important to check the laws in your specific area and follow the guidelines accordingly.
Are There Any Health Dangers To Me, My Family, And My Other Pets If I Interact With This Opossum?
While opossums generally do not pose a significant health risk, there are some precautions to take. Opossums can bite if antagonized or startled, and their mouth contains bacteria that can cause serious infection. People with chronic health problems, weakened immune systems, the elderly, and young children should avoid close contact with opossums. It’s also important to practice good hygiene and prompt first aid if bitten. Additionally, opossums can carry diseases such as salmonella and leptospirosis, so it’s important to minimize contact and practice proper sanitation measures.
What Are Some Of The Infectious Diseases Humans and Opossums Share?
Opossums are highly adaptable animals and can be exposed to various disease organisms. Some of the diseases they may carry include salmonella, leptospirosis, typhus, and external and internal parasites. It’s important to be aware of these potential health risks and take appropriate precautions when handling or interacting with opossums.
How Old Is This Opossum Anyway?
Determining the age of an opossum can be challenging, and there are various factors to consider. Growth charts can provide a rough estimate, but individual opossums may vary in size and development. Generally, opossums develop the ability to chew solid food around 76 days old and wean themselves from their mother’s milk by 82-95 days.
What Are My Chances for Success If I Take On The Job Of Raising This Creature?
Raising orphaned opossums can be challenging, especially with younger infants. It is important to seek guidance from experienced individuals who have successfully raised opossums in the past. Proper diet, care, and monitoring of their growth are essential for their well-being. It is advisable to start with more mature opossums before attempting to care for smaller infants.
What Is The First Thing That Needs To Be Done?
The first step in caring for orphaned opossums is to ensure their body temperature is stabilized and that they are adequately hydrated. It is crucial to warm them gently, using a hot water bottle or specific heating pads for pets. Dehydration can be addressed by offering appropriate fluids, preferably administered by a veterinarian or experienced wildlife rehabilitator.
Minimize Stress
To minimize stress for opossums, it is important to limit handling, provide a comfortable and low-stress environment, and offer hiding places in their enclosure. Avoid sudden movements, loud noises, and excessive human activity around them.
How Should I Care For This Baby?
Proper nutrition is crucial for the development and growth of baby opossums. It is important to use appropriate formulas specifically designed for orphaned wildlife, such as Esbilac or Fox Valley Day One. Feeding techniques should be gentle and frequent, adjusting the formula strength as the baby grows. As they mature, introduce mashed foods such as softened puppy or kitten chow, boiled egg, mashed fruits, and vegetables. Clean water should always be available.
Stimulating The Baby To Eliminate
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In the early stages, baby opossums may need help urinating and defecating. Gently rubbing their genital area with a moistened cotton ball or dipping their front paws in warm water can help stimulate elimination. As they grow and their eyes open, they will no longer need this assistance.
Does This Opossum Need Medications Or A Veterinary Exam?
Most orphaned opossums do not require medications or veterinary exams if they appear healthy and behave like opossums. However, it is always good to consult with a wildlife biologist or experienced wildlife rehabilitator for any concerns.
What Are Some Of The Health Problems Orphan Possums Commonly Experience?
Orphaned possums commonly experience health problems such as hypothermia, dehydration, traumatic injuries, skin and intestinal parasites, diarrhea, and bone deformities. It’s essential to provide appropriate care, nutrition, and sanitation to minimize these issues.
Metabolic Bone Disease
Metabolic bone disease is a common problem in captive wildlife, including opossums. It is preventable through a balanced diet, including proper calcium and vitamin D levels. When metabolic bone disease occurs, it can lead to bone deformities and fractures. Early prevention and treatment are crucial.
What About Exercise?
Opossums require exercise to stay healthy, both physically and mentally. Providing them with a spacious enclosure with branches, perches, and hiding spots can encourage natural movement. Environmental enrichment techniques, such as hiding food for them to find, can also stimulate exercise.
When Should I Let The Opossum Go When The Time Comes?
A suitable time to release an opossum is when it reaches around 20 weeks old. However, it is crucial to prepare them for survival in the wild. Gradually reduce contact with humans, start feeding them at night, and offer whole prey items to encourage natural foraging behavior. Consider housing them with another opossum of similar age if possible. Release them in a safe area, ideally close to where they were found, and away from roads.
How Long Do Opossums Live?
In captivity, opossums have an average lifespan of about four years, while in the wild, their lifespan is typically shorter, ranging from 1-2 years.
In conclusion, baby possums start eating solid food around 76 days old, after weaning themselves from their mother’s milk. It is important to provide appropriate care, nutrition, and a suitable environment for their development. By understanding their unique characteristics and needs, you can support and appreciate these fascinating creatures.
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