By Lisa Cohen
Shabbat is one of the most important Jewish observances and is the 4th of the Ten Commandments.
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Jews greet each other as the Sabbath is arriving each week with this phrase, “Shabbat Shalom”. The word “shalom” has many meanings in English, including, “hello”, “goodbye” and of course “peace”.
Shabbat is the Hebrew word for Saturday. So literally “Shabbat Shalom” is a wish for a “peaceful Shabbat”. It’s a very happy blessing to wish someone as everyone is thrilled when Shabbat – the day of rest – arrives.
When is Shabbat?
Shabbat starts from an hour before sundown on Friday evening and continues until sunset, with the appearance of three stars, on Saturday night – all in all, 25 hours. The beginning of Shabbat is marked by the lighting of two Shabbat candles with your eyes closed which involves blessings for the Shabbat. The moment you open your eyes and see the two flames of holiness a feeling of peacefulness fills the home.
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Shabbat is an official day of rest coming from the Bible: Genesis2:2-3 which states “And on the seventh day God ended His work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done. Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because in it He rested from all His work which God had created and made.”
Shabbat led to the 5 Day Week
The seventh day of rest is celebrated by Christians on Sunday. In 19th century Britain, Sundays became an official day of rest with no work allowed.
This did not take into account the Jewish workers, but they were finally recognized in an American mill in 1908 where the milliner decided to give his workers both Saturday and Sunday, so that whatever their religion, they could take their appropriate day of rest. In 1932, the USA officially adopted a 5 day week.
But What Do you Do on a Day of Rest?
The meal is accompanied by singing of psalms, the re-telling of bible stories, general family chat and sharing of news. At the end of the meal, the family say a prayer of thanks to God for providing the sustenance. Shabbat dinner, on Friday night, is an opportunity of real connection physically and spiritually. Whilst most Americans may do this annually on Thanks Giving, the Jewish people do this every Friday night.
The Benefits of Shabbat
As you can see, such a day of rest honored by Judaism, nourishes every part of us – body, mind and soul. It has been proven scientifically that people can not keep running on and on with no break from such hectic lives, from technology addiction to work addiction.
A day of rest has been proven to be the only way to have a healthy, balanced life. There is a human need to recharge our batteries before they run out of energy and we collapse. God gave us the answer 3500 years ago when He took a day of rest after completing Creation. He commanded us to do likewise.
What do our Rabbis teach us about Shabbat?
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As Rabbi Hirsch says in “Eco Bible”: Eco Bible, Volume 1: An Ecological Commentary on Genesis and Exodus, Shabbat was given to humanity “in order that one should not grow overbearing in his dominion” of God’s creation. On the Day of Rest, “he must, as it were, return the borrowed world to its Divine Owner in order to realize that it is but lent to him.” Ingrained in the process of creation is a weekly reminder.
We Need Shabbat in Order to Save Both Ourselves and God’s Earth!
Observance of Shabbat – taking a day each week to refrain from the transformation of nature – has the potential to alter a person’s feeling of creative and technological control over nature. In early nineteenth-century Germany, Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch senses the profound relevance of Shabbat for industrial society, exclaiming, “Sabbath in our time! To cease for a whole day from all business, from all work, in the frenzied hurry-scurry of our time! . . . The pulse of life would stop beating and the world perish! The world perish? On the contrary, it would be saved.”
This message of Shabbat is sorely needed in today’s Western society. The mentality and lifestyle of transforming the natural world, without taking time to reflect on the value of that transformation, is taking an environmental toll on the planet.
A society that never rests nor reflects is the same society that over-extracts and over-consumes. This mastery of the earth without sufficient contemplation of its consequences has produced ecological destruction on the local, regional, and global level.
On Shabbat, we are to walk on the earth without asserting our mastery over it, in order to acknowledge the sovereignty of the Creator. In this way, we will remember that we are only the custodians of the earth with the responsibility “to work it and to guard it.” Rabbi Norman Lamm, “Ecology in Jewish Law and Theology“.
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