Implement biosecurity and isolation protocols
An isolation period of four weeks from onset of illness is recommended for dogs with suspected or confirmed canine influenza, and for dogs with known exposure to the virus.
- Keep known or potentially infected dogs at least 20 feet away from other dogs and cats.
- Have the dogs enter and exit the hospital through a door other than the main door, and take them to a room where they won’t be exposed to other animals—preferably one with a separate air supply.
- Wear personal protective equipment (e.g., gowns, booties, and disposable gloves) when examining or caring for the dogs.
- Thoroughly clean and disinfect areas where potentially infected dogs are examined and treated, as well as all instruments used.
- Refrain from hospitalizing dogs with non-critical health concerns to prevent other patients (including cats) from becoming exposed.
- Practice hand hygiene.
Consider whether vaccination is warranted
Vaccines are available for both H3N8 and H3N2 canine influenza. A bivalent vaccine offering protection against both strains is also available—and might be preferred as it may provide broader immunity. Although these vaccines will not necessarily prevent infection, they can substantially reduce severity and duration of illness, as well as viral shedding. No canine influenza vaccines have been approved for use in cats.
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The risk of the dog becoming exposed to the virus is important when determining whether to vaccinate. Currently, routine use of canine influenza vaccines is not recommended. However, vaccination may be advisable in areas where the virus is known to be circulating, particularly for dogs that are boarded or otherwise exposed to other dogs through activities or places where dogs congregate. Dogs that travel may also benefit from vaccination.
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Initial vaccination can begin as early as six weeks of age. The recommended protocol is two doses two to four weeks apart, with revaccination within one year after the second dose. Subsequent boosters are given annually. A single vaccination is unlikely to be protective in high-risk settings.
Educate owners
Owners whose dogs are coughing or exhibiting other signs of infectious respiratory disease have an important role to play in preventing others from becoming ill. Advise them to keep their dog away from other dogs while their dog is sick (if canine influenza is not suspected) or for four weeks after their dog first became ill (if canine influenza is suspected).
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