Refer to the exhibit. Given the following data:

Which of the following BEST describes the data set?A . There is data bias.B . The data is incomplete.C . The data is inconsistent.D . The data is outliers.

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Answer: C Explanation: This is because inconsistency is a type of data quality issue that occurs when the data does not follow a common format, structure, or rule across different sources or systems, which can affect the efficiency and performance of the analysis or process. Inconsistency can be caused by having different spellings, punctuations, capitalizations, or abbreviations for the same or similar values in a data set, such as “M”, “m”, “Male”, or “male” for gender in this case. Inconsistency can be eliminated or reduced by using data cleansing techniques, such as standardizing or normalizing the data values. The other options are not correct descriptions of the data set. Here is why: Data bias is a type of data quality issue that occurs when the data is not representative or proportional of the population or the parameter, which can affect the validity and reliability of the analysis or process. Data bias can be caused by having a sample that is too small, too large, or too skewed for the population or the parameter, such as having only male customers for a product that targets both genders in this case. Data bias can be eliminated or reduced by using sampling techniques, such as stratified or cluster sampling. The data is incomplete is a type of data quality issue that occurs when the data is absent or missing in a data set, which can affect the accuracy and reliability of the analysis or process. The data is incomplete can be caused by various factors, such as human error, system error, or non-response. The data is incomplete can be addressed by using various methods, such as replacing or imputing the missing values with some reasonable estimates, such as mean, median, mode, or regression. The data is outliers is a type of data quality issue that occurs when the data has values that are unusually high or low compared to the rest of the data set, which can affect the quality and validity of the analysis or process. The data is outliers can be caused by various factors, such as measurement error, natural variation, or extreme events. The data is outliers can be addressed by using various methods, such as removing or filtering out the outliers, or using robust statistics that are less sensitive to outliers, such as median, interquartile range, or box plot.

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