Orthocenter indicates the center of all the right angles from the vertices to the opposite sides i.e., the altitudes. The term ortho means right and it is considered to be the intersection point of three altitudes drawn from the three vertices of a triangle. An orthocentre has significant importance in the study of the various properties of a triangle with respect to its other dimensions. Let us learn more about the orthocenter properties, orthocenter formula, orthocenter definition, and solve a few examples.
1. Definition of an Orthocenter 2. Properties of an Orthocenter 3. How to Construct an Orthocenter? 4. Orthocentre of a Triangle Formula 5. FAQs on Orthocenter
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An orthocenter can be defined as the point of intersection of altitudes that are drawn perpendicular from the vertex to the opposite sides of a triangle. In a triangle, it is that point where all the three altitudes of a triangle intersect. The main three main aspects of an orthocenter are:
- Triangle – A polygon with three vertices and three edges.
- Altitude – The altitude of a triangle is that line that passes through its vertex and is perpendicular to the opposite side. Hence, a triangle can have three altitudes, one from each vertex.
- Vertex – The point where two or more lines meet is called a vertex.
Look at the image below, △ABC is a triangle, △ABC has three altitudes, namely, AE, BF, and, CD, △ABC has three vertices, namely, A, B, and, C, and the intersection point H is the orthocenter.
The properties of an orthocenter vary depending on the type of triangle such as the Isosceles triangle, Scalene triangle, right-angle triangle, etc. For some triangles, the orthocenter need not lie inside the triangle but can be placed outside. For instance, for an equilateral triangle, the orthocenter is the centroid. The properties are as follows:
Property 1: The orthocenter lies inside the triangle for an acute angle triangle. As seen in the below figure, the orthocenter is the intersection point of the lines PF, QS, and RJ.
Property 2: The orthocenter lies outside the triangle for an obtuse angle triangle. As seen in the image below, the orthocenter formed by 3 intersecting lines or altitudes lies outside the triangle.
Property 3: The orthocenter lies on the vertex of the right angle of the right triangle. As seen in the image below, the point of intersection lies at point C.
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Property 4: An orthocenter divides an altitude into different parts. The product of the lengths of all these parts is equivalent for all three perpendiculars.
To construct the orthocenter for a triangle geometrically, we have to do the following:
- Find the perpendicular from any two vertices to the opposite sides.
- To draw the perpendicular or the altitude, use vertex C as the center and radius equal to the side BC. Draw arcs on the opposite sides AB and AC.
- Draw intersecting arcs from B and D, at F. Join CF.
- Similarly, draw intersecting arcs from points C and E, at G. Join BG.
- CF and BG are altitudes or perpendiculars for the sides AB and AC respectively.
- The intersection point of any two altitudes of a triangle gives the orthocenter.
- Thus, find the point of intersection of the two altitudes.
- At that point, H is referred to as the orthocenter of the triangle.
The orthocenter formula helps in locating the coordinates of the orthocenter of a triangle. Let us consider a triangle PQR, as shown in the figure below.
PA, QB, RC are the perpendicular lines drawn from the three vertices P[(x)1, (y)1], Q[(x)2, (y)2], and R[(x)3, (y)3] respectively of the △PQR.
H ( x, y) is the intersection point of the three altitudes of the triangle.
Step 1: Calculate the slope of the sides of the triangle using the formula:
m(slope) = ( frac{y_{2} – y_{1}}{x_{2} – x_{1}} )
Let slope of PR be given by mPR.
Hence,
mPR = ( frac{ y_3 – y_1 }{ x_3 – x_1 })
Similarly,
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mQR = ( frac{ y_3 – y_2 }{ x_3 – x_2 })
Step 2 The slope of the altitudes of the △PQR will be perpendicular to the slope of the sides of the triangle.
We know,
( begin{align*} text {Perpendicular slope of line} &= frac{-1}{ text {slope of the line}} &= frac{-1}{ text m} end{align*})
The slope of the respective altitudes:
Slope of PA, mPA = ( frac{-1}{ text {mQR}})
Slope of QB, mQB = ( frac{ -1}{ text {mPR}})
We will use the slope-point form equation as a straight line to calculate the equations of the lines coinciding with PA and QB.
The generalized equation thus formed by using arbitrary points (x) and (y) is:
( begin{align*} text {mPA} &= frac{( y – y_1 )}{( x – x_1 )} text {mQB} &= frac{( y – y_2)}{( x – x_2 )} end{align*} )
Thus, solving the two equations for any given values the orthocenter of a triangle can be calculated.
Related Topics
Listed below are a few topics related to orthocenter, take a look.
- Incenter
- Circumcenter
- Parts of Circle
- Types of Triangle
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