What Are the Applications of Alloys?
Some typical applications of the common alloy groups are listed below:
1. Construction
Steel and aluminum alloys are widely used in construction for their strength and durability. They are used in structural components, roofing, siding, and other building materials.
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2. Transportation
Aluminum alloys are perhaps the most widely used type of alloy in the transportation industry. They are lightweight, have a high strength-to-weight ratio, are corrosion-resistant, and are recyclable. Aluminum helps improve fuel efficiency and reduce overall vehicle weight while still fulfilling strength requirements.
3. Electronics
Copper-nickel alloys are used in electrical wiring and connectors for their high conductivity and low resistance. They are also used in batteries, relays, solder frames, and other electrical components.
4. Medical Devices
Stainless steel and titanium alloys are used in medical devices such as implants, prosthetics, and surgical instruments. These alloys are often used in these applications because they are strong, corrosion-resistant, and biocompatible.
5. Jewelry
Bronze, copper-nickel, nickel-silver, aluminum, and many more alloys are used to create jewelry. Alloys are often used in jewelry because they are easier to form and are more durable than pure metals. Additionally, different colors can be obtained with alloys that would not be possible with pure metals.
6. Manufacturing
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Alloys of all kinds are used in manufacturing to fabricate parts for the automotive, aerospace, construction and heavy equipment, medical, consumer product industries, and more. Steel, brass, aluminum, and titanium alloys are all often used in manufacturing for machining, casting, or forming. Alloys are used in manufacturing because they are much easier to work and form than pure metals.
7. Art and Sculpture
Alloys such as bronze and brass are widely used in artwork and sculpture for their unique colors, durability, and workability.
What Are the Benefits of Alloys?
Some of the benefits of using alloys instead of pure metals are listed below:
- Better Strength: Alloys are stronger than pure metals because adding other atoms into the lattice structure of the base metal deforms the lattice just enough to make it more difficult for the atoms to move around.
- More Versatility: Alloys are more versatile than pure metals because they have desirable properties that are not present in pure metals. Alloys are generally stronger, harder, and more corrosion-resistant.
- Increased Hardness: Alloys are harder than pure metals for the same reason that they are stronger than pure metals. Additional atoms strain the lattice structure of the base metal and make it more difficult for atoms to dislocate.
- Can Have Increased Corrosion Resistance: Alloys can be more corrosion-resistant than pure metals depending on the additional alloying elements and how they interact with the surrounding environment. Some alloying elements, such as zinc, chromium, and nickel, readily react with oxygen and form protective layers on alloy surfaces. This barrier prevents oxygen from penetrating the material and causing it to corrode.
- More Cost Effective: Alloys are more cost-effective than pure metals because the processes to make alloys are generally cheaper than the processes to refine pure metals.
What Are the Limitations of Alloys?
The limitations of alloys compared to pure metals are listed below:
- Less Ductile: Alloys are less ductile than pure metals because of the addition of extra atoms to the lattice structure of the base metal and the consequent reduction in the number of slip systems available for plastic deformation.
- Difficult to Weld: Alloys have lower melting points than their pure metal counterparts. This makes alloys harder to weld.
- Difficulty in Recycling: Alloys are more difficult to recycle than pure metals because alloys have many constituent materials.
- Can Be More Prone to Corrosion: Some alloys are more susceptible to different forms of corrosion than pure metals
- Environmental Concerns: The production of some alloys can release hazardous and harmful fumes into the atmosphere.
Are Alloys Rust-Proof?
Mostly yes. Alloys that do not contain iron will not rust, since rust is specifically iron oxide. However, alloys that do contain iron will eventually rust, except for the stainless steel.
Are Alloys Hypoallergenic?
Mostly yes. Alloys that do not contain nickel, cobalt, and chromium (the metals that usually cause allergies) are hypoallergenic. If allergic, avoid using alloys with these metals.
Are Alloys Metals?
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Yes, alloys are metals. They are good conductors of heat and electricity and have shiny surfaces. For more information, see our guide on Metalloids.
What Is the Difference Between an Alloy and a Metal?
An alloy is a material consisting of base metal and additional elements. A “metal” is a classification for ductile materials, that have a lustrous appearance, and are excellent electrical and thermal conductors as compared to other classes of materials. All alloys are metals, but not all metals are alloys.
What Is the Difference Between an Alloy and Aluminum?
An alloy is a material composed of base metal and additional elements. Aluminum is a pure metal that is not combined with other elements. However, many aluminum alloys have been developed to have desirable properties that otherwise do not exist in pure aluminum.
Summary
This article presented alloys, explained what they are, and discussed the various types and their properties. To learn more about alloys, contact a Xometry representative.
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