History gives us a lot of examples of significant men in the field of psychology. Have you ever wondered where the women are? Women have had significantly less power throughout history, and this has silenced many of their voices. However, Dorothea Dix was determined to make her voice heard.

Fig. 1 – Dorothea Dix plaque.

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Dorothea Dix: Biography

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Dorothea Lynde Dix was born on April 4th, 1802 in Hampden, Maine in the United States. Dix seems to have had a troubled childhood. It is believed that both of her parents suffered from alcohol addiction and that her father was abusive. Because of this, she was sent to live with family in Boston, where she continued her education and developed a love for teaching. Dix worked industriously and, in a few short years, began teaching, designing curriculum, and opening schools in Boston and the surrounding areas.

Health troubles caused Dix to reduce the time she spent in the classroom. During this period, she wrote several foundational and educational books that found great success in the classroom. Her poor health continued to interrupt her teaching career and even forced her to close her schools. However, following her illness, she took a trip through Europe that would give her renewed direction in life.

Dorthea Dix: Beginnings of Reform

During her travels, Dix was inspired by young reformers in Europe. She took up their passion for the welfare of prisoners, medical patients, and those with mental disorders. When she returned to the United States, Dix spent time visiting and assessing the state of care in prisons and mental institutions across the country. She found conditions and treatment in these facilities to be shockingly inhumane and ineffective. Dix reported her findings to local politicians and urged for better facilities and treatment standards.

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At the time, prisons adhered to no regulated standards of management or care. Those suffering from mental disorders were often lumped into the same correctional facilities as aggressive criminals. Prisoners received more abuse than remediation in these places. Dix’s reports were filled with stories of physical and sexual abuse, neglect, poor sanitation, and insufficient food and resources.

Conditions were not much better at mental health institutions. This was a time when patients were beaten, bled, or restrained in the name of treatment. All of these things inspired Dix to push for reform in the way mental health patients and prisoners were treated. This led to the development of more humane therapeutic practices and better facilities. As a result, the number of patients in these facilities began to decrease.

Dorothea Dix: Psychology

Dorothea Dix contributed to the field of psychology by inspiring drastic reform in the treatment of patients and the quality of mental health facilities. If not for her advocacy, our notion of mental patients and mental health care may never have evolved.

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