Concept:

Human circulatory system:

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• The organ system of human beings or other organisms which is responsible for the transport of materials inside the body is called the circulatory system.
• Our circulatory system consists of a muscular pumping organ called the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood.
• The heart has two atria and two ventricles.
• The heart acts as a pump to push out blood.
• The arteries, veins, and capillaries act as tubes or pipes through which blood flows. These tubes which carry blood are called blood vessels.
• Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart except the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood.
• Veins carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart except the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood.

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Explanation:

• The blood vessels carrying the blood from the body towards the heart are called veins.
  • ​Veins carry CO2-rich blood from all parts of the body back to the heart. Hence, statement A is correct.
• Veins have thin walls whereas arteries have thick elastic walls. Hence, statement B is incorrect.
• Veins have valves to ensure blood flows only towards the heart. Hence, statement C is correct.
  • ​The one-way valves in veins prevent the blood from flowing backward & and help to force the blood to move towards the heart.
• They are situated superficially under the skin. Hence, statement D is correct.

Thus, the correct statements are A, C , and D.

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Additional Information Open circulatory system:

• In an open circulatory system, the blood is not enclosed in the blood vessels and bathes the organs and tissues directly
• there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid
• Ex. Spiders, cockroaches, and prawns

Closed circulatory system:

• the heart pumps blood through vessels that are separate from the interstitial fluid of the body
• The blood vessels are found throughout the body and form the plumbing circuit of the body.
• Ex. Rabbit, Lion, Whale

Key Points

• For double circulation, there are 2 circulatory pathways:
  • Systematic circulation
  • Pulmonary circulation
• Systematic circulation
  • It carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all parts of the body through a complex system of arteries and capillaries.
  • It also carries deoxygenated blood from these organs back to the heart through veins.
• Pulmonary circulation
  • After the heart receives the deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body, it pumps blood to the lungs for expelling the CO2 and collecting oxygen.
  • After that, the oxygenated blood is sent back to the heart for systematic circulation.

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Category: WHICH