Primary Canines

• There are four primary canine teeth, two in eachdental arch.
• These primary canines differ from the outline of their permanent successors in the following ways:
  • The crown of the primary maxillary canine (C and H) has relatively longer and sharper cusp than that of its permanent successor on eruption.
  • The mesial and distal outlines of the primary maxillary canine are rounder.

Various views of a primary maxillary canine. (From Bath-Balogh MB, Fehrenbach MJ: Illustrated dental embryology, histology, and anatomy, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2005, Saunders.)

Primary Mandibular Canines

• The primary mandibular canine (M and R) resembles the primary maxillary canine.
• This tooth is much smaller labiolingually.
• The distal cusp slope is much longer than the mesial cusp slope.
• The lingual surface of the primary mandibular canineis marked by a shallow lingual fossa.
• The primary mandibular canine (M and R) resembles the primary maxillary canine, although some dimensions are different. This tooth is much smaller labiolingually.

Various views of a primary mandibular canine. (From Bath-Balogh MB, Fehrenbach MJ: Illustrated dental embryology, histology, and anatomy, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2005, Saunders.)

Primary Molars

• The crown of the primary maxillary first molar(B and I) does not resemble any other crown of either dentition.
• The height of contour on the buccal surface is at the cervical third of the tooth and on the lingual side is at the middle third.
• The primary maxillary molars have three roots, which are thinner and have greater flare than do those of the permanent maxillary first molar.
• The lingual root is the longest and most divergent.

Various views of a primary maxillary first molar. (From Bath-Balogh MB, Fehrenbach MJ: Illustrated dental embryology, histology, and anatomy, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2005, Saunders.)

Primary Maxillary Second Molars

• The primary maxillary second molar (A and J) is larger than the primary maxillary first molar.
• This tooth most closely resembles the permanent maxillary first molar but is smaller in all dimensions.
• The second molar usually has a cusp of Carabelli, the minor fifth cusp.

Various views of a primary maxillary second molar. (From Bath-Balogh MB, Fehrenbach MJ: Illustrated dental embryology, histology, and anatomy, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2005, Saunders.)

Primary Mandibular First Molars

• The crown of the primary mandibular first molar (L and S) is unlike any other tooth of either dentition.
• The height of contour on the buccal surface is at the cervical third of the tooth and on the lingual side is at the middle third.
• The primary mandibular first molar has four cusps; the mesial cusps are larger.
• The tooth has two roots, which are positioned similarly to those of other primary and permanent mandibular molars.

Various views of a primary mandibular first molar. (From Bath-Balogh MB, Fehrenbach MJ: Illustrated dental embryology, histology, and anatomy, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2005, Saunders.)

Primary Mandibular Second Molars

• The primary mandibular second molar (K and T) is larger than the primary mandibular first molar.
• It has five cusps; the second molar most closely resembles the permanent mandibular first molar.
• The three buccal cusps are nearly equal in size.
• The primary mandibular second molar has an overall oval occlusal shape.

Various views of a primary mandibular second molar. (From Bath-Balogh MB, Fehrenbach MJ: Illustrated dental embryology, histology, and anatomy, ed 2, Philadelphia, 2005, Saunders.)

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