Standard Metaphors
A standard metaphor directly compares two things you think wouldn’t go together.
Examples Of Standard Metaphors
- My grandmother is an angel because she bakes cookies whenever I go over.
- With all the bumps, this bus ride is a nightmare!
- Esther said her grandpa is a dinosaur because he doesn’t know how to use a cell phone.
- The supermarket is a zoo today.(You don’t automatically think of lions and tigers when buying a milk jug, but this sentence connects those two places. There are probably lots of customers at the supermarket, and the store is loud and hard to walk around. Almost like it’s filled with wild animals!)
Implied Metaphors
An implied metaphor is similar to a standard one but even more subtle. In this figure of speech, you directly name only one of the things you’re comparing. The other one is implied.
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Examples Of Implied Metaphors
- My older sister hops from major to major in college because she can’t decide what she likes best. (My sister is like a bunny or frog.)
- The smile lit up his face, and his eyes twinkled. (His smile is like a light, and his eyes are like stars.)
- Good cheer radiated from everyone at the holiday party. (Good cheer is like heat or light.)
- Jun squealed with delight at her birthday party.(The verb “squealed” might make you think of a pig, but Jun is a human, and she’s having a birthday party. So you’re comparing a girl to a pig without mentioning the animal.)
Extended Metaphors
Sometimes, writers want to spend a lot of time on one metaphor. They might use one idea over several lines, a whole poem, or even a novel. When a metaphor is longer than just a few words, it’s called an extended metaphor.
Examples Of Extended Metaphors
- In Herman Melville’s Moby Dick, Captain Ahab spends the whole book trying to kill the white whale. This pursuit can represent many things, including facing challenges in one’s life. The whale, as well, is a metaphor for several ideas, including nature, evil, and God.
- In Emily Dickinson’s poem, ‘Hope’ is a thing with feathers. Over several stanzas, she compares the idea of hope to a bird.
But you can find extended metaphors anywhere, not just in famous literature. For instance, suppose you wrote an essay about your little sister. In it, you wrote a paragraph comparing her to a monkey because she’s wild and playful. That would also be an extended metaphor!
Visual Metaphors
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Rather than using words, a visual metaphor uses images to connect two things or ideas.
Examples Of Visual Metaphors
- A glass of ice water in the middle of a desert (represents quenching someone’s thirst)
- A person dressed in red, white, and blue (represents patriotism)
- A person hunched over with a globe on their shoulders (represents carrying an enormous burden)
Visual metaphors are often used in advertising, but they’re also used in movies, graphic novels, and other media.
Here are some more examples of visual metaphors.
- If you see a picture of a racing bike next to a cheetah, you’ll connect those two things. In your head, you will assume that if you ride that bike, you’ll be as fast as a cheetah.
- On the other hand, you wouldn’t put a picture of a turtle next to the bike because you’d assume the bike went really slowly.
Visual metaphors are extremely useful because they correlate products or ideas with something else, like a feeling or emotion. Next time you’re watching an advert, look at how many visual metaphors you find!
Mixed Metaphors
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Metaphors are beneficial figures of speech for describing things and conveying ideas. But when you combine two metaphors, you often just get a mess! These are called mixed metaphors, and a lot of the time, they’re nonsense.
Examples Of Mixed Metaphors
- Killing time is always greener on the other side. (“Killing Time” and “The grass is always greener on the other side.”)
- Don’t count your nest egg before it hatches. (“Nest-egg” and “Don’t count your eggs before they hatch.”)
- Every cloud has a silver lining. (Even in sad situations, there’s always something good.)
- There’s a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. (Referring to a big reward at the end of a journey.)
Dead Metaphors
One of the exciting things about language is that it changes significantly over time. As part of that, metaphors change too!
Sometimes, people use a metaphor for so long that its meaning changes. In other words, a modern audience won’t understand the original imagery. When that happens, it’s called a dead metaphor.
Examples Of Dead Metaphors
- You “roll-up” the window in the car, even though most vehicles have automatic buttons instead of cranks.
- When writing an exam, your teacher might say, “time is running out!” But that would make more sense if they kept track with an hourglass full of sand instead of a clock.
- People often keep their car’s registration or emergency supplies in the glove box or glove compartment.
- In early automobiles, there was a box up front to keep the gloves you’d wear while driving. But, we don’t usually wear gloves in the car unless it’s cold out; however, we still call that compartment a “glove box.”
Flashcard Checkpoint
Test your knowledge and click each card to learn the type of metaphor.
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Category: WHICH
