Introduction
The oral mucosa is the first defence against particles entering the body. The oral epithelial mucosa functions to protect the body from chemical, microbial, and physical challenges 1, 2. The buccal epithelium is the thickest region in the squamous stratification epithelium. Keratinization is influenced by endogenous or exogenous factors. Exogenous factors include the use of drugs, nutritional factors, and irritant factors, such as plaque and calculus, artificial teeth, and smoking or exposure to other substances 3, 4.
The use of azo synthetic dyes and their derivatives, especially those with benzene groups, are increasing in the batik industry 5, 6. Azo dyes are compounds characterized with one or more azo functional groups (-N=N-), linked to benzene. They are readily reduced to hydrazines and primary amines. The benzene group in azo compounds is difficult to degrade because it takes a long time 7, 8. Chemicals in the batik industry are known to cause irritation to the skin and eyes, and cause interference with the respiratory system 8. Azo compounds are also known to be carcinogenic and mutagenic if they are in the environment for a long time, and they are suspected to be a source of disease 9, 10.
You are viewing: Which Type Of Epithelium Is Removed With A Buccal Swab
Read more : Which Of The Following Events Are Mutually Exclusive
Exposure to synthetic azo dyes, which are continuously inhaled by batik workers, may cause changes in the oral mucosa. Daily exposure to azo dyes needs to be analysed to assess the possibility of the risk of oral cavity abnormalities, although there have been no reports of batik workers that mention oral cavity abnormalities due to azo exposure. Exposure to azo dyes for more than 5 years in batik artisans has been known to significantly increase the frequency of micronuclei, karyolysis, and pyknosis in buccal mucosal epithelial cells 11- 13. In addition, exposure to azo dyes significantly increases the expression of cytokeratin 5 and 19 in the buccal mucosa 14, 15. Although previous studies stated that exposure to azo dyes significantly increased the expression of cytokeratin 5 and 19, but clinically it has not shown changes in the buccal mucosa. Until now, there is limited study on the effects of azo exposure on the buccal mucosa. The results of these studies have not yet explained the changes in buccal cell DNA exposed to azo compounds; therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of buccal cell DNA exposed to synthetic azo dyes to determine the possibility of cellular damage.
Source: https://t-tees.com
Category: WHICH
