1. Irritation
Certain things can irritate the skin of the vagina when they come into direct contact with it. This is known as contact dermatitis.
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Irritants that can cause contact dermatitis include soaps, fabrics, and perfumes. As well as burning, other signs and symptoms include:
- severe itching
- rawness
- stinging
- pain
The main treatment for irritation is to avoid whatever is causing it. Avoiding the irritant and not itching the area allow the skin to heal. Sometimes, a person may require medication.
2. Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition that occurs when there is too much of a certain type of bacteria in the vagina, affecting the normal balance. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), BV is the most common vaginal infection in women ages 15-44.
One symptom of BV is a burning sensation in the vagina, which can also occur when urinating.
BV does not always cause symptoms. When it does, symptoms can include:
- white or gray vaginal discharge
- pain
- itching
- a strong fish-like odor, especially after sex
Having BV can increase a person’s risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection (STI). If someone develops symptoms of BV, they should be checked and treated by a doctor. Treatment for this condition will often involve a course of antibiotics.
3. Yeast infection
An infection in the vagina caused by yeast can lead to a burning sensation. The medical term for this is candidiasis, and it is also known as thrush.
Associated symptoms include:
- itching
- soreness
- pain during sex
- pain or discomfort when urinating
- a discharge from the vagina
Many women get yeast infections, but some women are more likely to develop an infection if they:
- are pregnant
- are using hormonal forms of contraception
- have diabetes
- have a compromised immune system
- have recently taken, or are taking antibiotics
Treatment is usually an antifungal medicine, which a woman can either apply directly in the form of a cream or take orally as a capsule.
4. Urinary tract infection
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Different parts of the urinary tract can become infected, including the bladder, urethra, and kidneys.
A woman with a urinary tract infection (UTI) will likely feel burning in the vagina when urinating. Other symptoms of a UTI include:
- needing to urinate suddenly or more often
- pain when urinating
- smelly or cloudy urine
- blood in urine
- pain in lower stomach
- feeling tired or unwell
Doctors will usually prescribe antibiotics to treat urinary tract infections. In general, an infection will clear up in around 5 days after starting a course of antibiotics.
Repeat prescriptions may be required if an infection returns.
5. Trichomoniasis
Also known as trich, this is a very common STD in the United States. Trichomoniasis is caused by a parasite that is passed from one person to another during sexual intercourse.
Only around 30 percent of people with trich show any symptoms. As well as a burning sensation in the vagina, these symptoms may include:
- itching, redness, or soreness
- discomfort when urinating
- vaginal discharge that can be clear, white, yellow, or green and with a fishy smell
Trichomoniasis is treated using metronidazole or tinidazole, which are pills taken by mouth.
6. Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is an infection where bacteria called Neisseria gonorrheae infect mucous membranes, such as the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes. It is typically transmitted through sexual contact with someone who has the infection.
This STD is particularly common in people aged 15 to 24. Women can experience vaginal burning when urinating, as well as these symptoms:
- pain when urinating
- vaginal discharge
- vaginal bleeding between periods
Gonorrhea can be cured with the right medical treatment.
7. Chlamydia
Chlamydia is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis and is typically transmitted through sexual contact with someone who has the infection.
Research suggests that at least 70 percent of people with chlamydia experience no symptoms, which is why the condition is sometimes known as a “silent” infection.
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When symptoms do occur, they can include a burning sensation in the vagina, as well as:
- increased vaginal discharge
- pain when urinating and during sex
- bleeding during sex and between periods
Chlamydia is treated using antibiotics. The most commonly prescribed is doxycycline.
8. Genital herpes
Genital herpes is caused by skin-to-skin contact with a person with the herpes virus. It is estimated that around 1 in 6 people in the U.S. aged 14 to 49 have genital herpes, and women are more prone to infection than men.
Once a person has the virus, it stays with them for life. However, they may not develop any signs or symptoms until the virus becomes active.
If the virus becomes active, they might experience a burning sensation in the vagina. Other symptoms include:
- an itching or tingling sensation
- flu-like symptoms
- swollen glands
- pain in the vaginal area, particularly when urinating
- change in vaginal discharge
Painful sores, blisters, or ulcers may also develop after a few days.
The symptoms of genital herpes can be treated with antiviral medication but never cured.
9. Menopause
The shifting levels of hormones in a woman’s body before she enters menopause can affect the vagina. Vaginal burning is one possible result of these changes, especially during sex.
Other common symptoms of menopause transition include:
- hot flashes
- night sweats
- difficulty sleeping
- reduced sex drive
- vaginal dryness
- headaches
- mood changes
Not all women entering menopause have treatment to relieve symptoms, but there are often options available that a doctor can outline, including hormone therapy.
10. Genital contact allergies
The immune systems in some women can become hypersensitive to certain substances.
These substances can cause allergic irritation when they come into contact with the vagina, including:
- semen
- spermicides, the fluids in condoms that destroy sperm and improve contraceptive action
- latex, the material from which many condoms are made
- K-Y jelly and similar lubricants
- topical and oral medications
- rubber, as found in contraceptive rubber diaphragms
- some feminine hygiene sprays
- the resin used to wax stringed musical instruments
- certain components of urine
- scented soaps
- bubble baths
- douches
- objects that contain nickel on the surface, such as zippers
Treatment mainly involves avoiding the substance that is causing the irritation. Patch testing using the suspected allergen to stimulate a controlled reaction in a clinical setting can help to identify which substance is creating the burning sensation.
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